Dysplasia and HPV

Dysplasia describes cell changes in the cervix that may develop into cancer.Dysplasia is detected by the cervical cancer screening, the Pap smear. To develop a dysplasia, an infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV) is almost always a precondition. The cells of the vagina, external genitalia or anal region can also be affected. On the cervix, a distinction is made between mild (LSIL, CIN I) and intermediate or severe (HSIL, CIN II or III) cell changes. Only HSIL (high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) is considered a precursor lesion of cervical cancer.

HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease worldwide.At least 80% of the population becomes infected with HPV during their lifetime. In most cases, the infection goes unnoticed and heals spontaneously and without consequences after a few months. If the body does not manage to defeat the viruses within this period, it is called HPV persistence. Human papilloma viruses are divided into high-risk and low-risk viruses. Persistence with an HPV high risk type increases the risk of developing a precancerous lesion. For this reason, primary HPV screening is recommended for women over the age of 30. Unlike the Pap screening, this is not currently covered by health insurance. Women younger than 30 are more likely to be infected with HPV, especially with high-risk types. In these women, the infection also heals more frequently and more quickly, which is why HPV screening is not recommended for this age group. Within the cantonal vaccination program, all persons with health insurance in Switzerland up to the age of 26, can be vaccinated against HPV free of charge.

In case of an abnormal Pap smear or the detection of an HPV high risk infection, a colposcopy should be performed.  The colposcopy is a gynecological examination in which the cervix is viewed with a magnifying glass. Cell changes can be detected by eye and clarified by a small tissue sample (biopsy). Taking the sample is practically painless and can be performed during the examination without any problems. If necessary, the examination can also be performed during pregnancy. In many cases, careful colposcopic controls are sufficient.

If treatment is necessary, an outpatient operation, the conization, is recommended.The altered part of the cervix is surgically removed from the vagina.

We will gladly advise you and answer your questions about dysplasia, HPV and HPV vaccination. We perform colposcopies under the highest quality standards with modern equipment. An international certification of our dysplasia clinic is under development.